assignment paper 12

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English for business purpose

Name: - Nirali dungrani

Roll no: - 24

Enrolment no: - 2069108420180012

Paper: -12 ELT 1(English Language teaching 1)

Topic: - English for business purpose

Submitted to: - Department of English MKB uni.

Introduction

English is the language of science, of aviation, computers, diplomacy, and tourism. Knowing English increases your chances of getting a good job in a multinational company within your home country or for finding work abroad. It’s also the language of international communication, the media and the internet, so learning English is important for socialising and entertainment as well as work!

Let’s look at the top 4 reasons why studying English is so important:

1. English is the Language of International Communication

English may not be the most spoken language in the world, but it is the official language of 53 countries and spoken by around 400 million people across the globe. Being able to speak English is not just about being able to communicate with native English speakers, it is the most common second language in the world. If you want to speak to someone from another country then the chances are that you will both be speaking English to do this.

The British Council projects that by 2020 two billion people in the world will be studying English. Learning English is important as it enables you to communicate easily with your fellow global citizens. When you study English at ELC schools, you will be making friends with people from lots of different countries, using English as your common language!

2. Speaking English gives you Access to a World of Entertainment

Many of the world’s top films, books and music are published and produced in English. Therefore, by learning English you will have access to a great wealth of entertainment and will be able to have a greater cultural understanding.

If you speak English, you won't need to rely on translations and subtitles anymore to enjoy your favourite books, songs, films and TV shows. Watching movies and television programmes in the English language is also a great and fun way to learn it!

 3. Learning English gives you Access to more of the Internet

According to a report by Education First, English is the language of the internet. An estimated 565 million people use the internet every day, and an estimated 52 percent of the world’s most visited websites are displayed in the English language.

Learning English is important as it gives you access to over half the content on the internet. Knowing how to read English will allow you access to billions of pages of information which may not be otherwise available!

The Importance of Learning English Today

Although learning English can be challenging and time-consuming, we can see that it is also very valuable to learn and can create many opportunities!

Want some advice on fun ways to learn English? Why not check out our blog ‘Is Learning English Your Biggest Challenge yet? These 7 tips will help you.’

The English Language Centre is a not-for-profit organisation. This means that all our profits are re-invested in the school, our purpose is to provide the highest possible quality in English language teaching at our schools in Brighton and Eastbourne.

English as the Language of Business

Definition

English which is used in business is called the business English.

The type English which is used in meetings, presentations, communication etc... At business is called business English.

Business English is used widely and generally in business community and cannot be adaptable to another type on industry wherein most of the employes have native toungues and may cause a lot of difference if business English used.

English is the dominant business language and it has become almost a necessity for people to speak English if they are to enter a global workforce. Research from all over the world shows that cross-border business communication is most often conducted in English and many international companies expect employees to be fluent in English.

Global companies such as Airbus, Daimler-Chrysler, Fast Retailing, Nokia, Renault, Samsung, SAP, Technicolor, and Microsoft in Beijing, have mandated English as their official corporate language. In addition, in 2010 the company Rakuten, a Japanese cross between Amazon and Ebay, made it mandatory for their 7,100 Japanese employees to be able to speak English.

The importance of learning English in the international marketplace cannot be understated - learning English really can change your life.

Importance of Good English in Business

Good English skills are like a one-way ticket to business success.

If you are a non-native speaker of the language or just someone who has difficulties with it, you may be wondering, “Why should I put time and energy into perfecting my English for business? Why must I give it greater importance than any other language I know? Why is it a standard of judging whether someone is fit for a job or not?”
 

Why Is English So Important in Business?

Deciding whether English is important for business not a question of giving the language greater importance in general. It is simply a question of survival and successful communication.

Face the facts.

English is the language of business and communication worldwide.

English is the most widespread spoken and written language in the world.

An estimated 1500 million people speak the language worldwide, out of which only 375 million are native speakers. Over 1 billion people speak it as a foreign language.

So, if you don’t know it well, you won’t be able to effectively communicate with many other people.

English is the language of the internet.

English tops the internet in number of users and is also a top language in tech. And you have to be tech-savvy to do well in the workplace—whether this means being able to put together Excel sheets, do a conference call, research and fact-check data or use social media successfully.

English is the language of pop culture.

While this might not seem as important as the facts above, you don’t want to be the one at work who always gets the punch line a little too late (doesn’t know when to laugh during a joke). You don’t want to feel out of place.

You need to be aware of common cultural nuances to better communicate at work and be understood.

English is the “lingua franca” (meaning “common language”) of not only international business, but also of all kinds of communication worldwide. This means it is useful for understanding and being able to share common experiences and references with your colleagues.

So naturally, the ever-increasing popularity of the English language means you must know the language well to succeed at your career and climb the corporate ladder. Now we are going to look more closely at why (and how) you should improve your English for business.

It will help you to communicate better with your colleagues.

Working in an office means teamwork and collaboration. Even if you are an introvert (someone who prefers to spend more time alone), you will have to interact with your colleagues. And that will be difficult if you don’t know the language they speak very well. In a worst-case scenario, it may even lead to misunderstandings that might put your job at stake.

Similarly, you need to know the right people to get the best job or a promotion at work. For that you need superior networking skills. Learning business English helps you to develop both your language and interpersonal (communication) skills.

Ultimately, it will help you to adequately express and represent yourself in front of other people.

The best way to learn better English communication is to speak the language often, preferably with a study partner in person or online, via Skype. You can also check out this MOOC on communication skills on Coursera.

 

 It is important for delivering presentations and speeches.

As mentioned before, business English is important for effective communication. You cannot deliver a presentation to your team or be in charge of a board meeting if you speak in your native tongue and if no one else in that room speaks that language. So you need to speak the “common tongue” well, so you can translate your thoughts and ideas into coherent (clear and logical) sentences that everyone can understand and respond to.

Just having a great idea isn’t enough. You have to successively express it to your audience.

Luckily, there are also plenty of online courses that focus on successful business meetings and presentations.

Kind of business English classes

1)   Traditional classes

2)   Intensive classes

3)   Public speaking in English classes

4)   Distance learning classes

5)   Pronunciation classes

6)   Learning by doing classes

7)   Conversation classes

8)   Lunchtime conversation classes

Difference between general English and business English

1)   General English aims to achieve a high standard of everyday English skills. It covers the four main skills of reading, writing, listening and speaking.

Business English aims to achieve high standards of English communication skills at business. It covers many skills like meetings, presentations, negotiations, communication.

Use of business English

1)   International trades

2)   Negotiations

3)   Emails/telephones

4)   Meetings

5)   Presentations

6)   Management

7)   Team-leading

Conclusion

Business English enables the businessmen to prepare for a career in businesses commerce. Business English also enables the businessmen to understand the mechanism of international business and trade.

Business English is the mos=de of communication at the work place. Business English is being used in meetings, presentations, negotiations, working overseas, management, team-leading etc...

(the english language center) (Sair) (FluentU Business English BlogFluentU Business English Blog)

Works Cited

FluentU Business English BlogFluentU Business English Blog. 3 11 2018. <https://www.fluentu.com/blog/business-english/importance-of-english-in-business/>.

Sair, Saad. business english. 3 11 2018. 20 1 2015 <https://www.slideshare.net/saadsair/business-english-43703024>.

the english language center. 3 11 2018. 30 9 2013 <https://www.elc-schools.com/blog/4-reasons-why-learning-english-is-so-important/>.

assignment paper 11

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comparison between a tempest and the tempest

Name:- Nirali dungrani

Roll no: - 24

Enrolment no:- 2069108420180012

Paper: -11 postcolonial literature

Topic: - comparison between a tempest and the tempest

Submitted to: - Department of English MKB uni.

Introduction

Aime Fernand David Cesaire

(26 June 1913 – 17 April 2008) was a Francophone and French poet, author and politician from Martinique. He was "one of the founders of the négritude movement in Francophone literature". His works included Une Tempête, a response to Shakespeare's play The Tempest, and Discours sure le colonialism (Discourse on Colonialism), an essay describing the strife between the colonizers and the colonized. His works have been translated into many languages.

William Shakespeare

(26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English poet, playwright and actor, widely regarded as both the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon". His extant works, including collaborations, consist of approximately 39 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.

A Tempest

A Tempest by Aime Cesaire was originally published in 1969 in French by Editions du Seuil in Paris. Cesaire, a recognized poet, essayist, playwright, and politician, was born in Martinique in 1913 and, until his death in 2008, had been instrumental in voicing post-colonial concerns. In the 1930s, he, along with Leopold Senghor and Leon Gontian Damas, developed the negritudemovement which endeavored to question French colonial rule and restore the cultural identity of blacks in the African diaspora. A Tempest is the third play in a trilogy aimed at advancing the tenets of the negritude movement. In 1985, the play was translated into English by Richard Miller and had its American premiere in 1991 at the Ubu Repertory Theater in New York after having been performed in France, the Middle East, Africa, and the West Indies.

  A Tempest focuses on the trouble of Ariel and Caliban—the never-ending quest to gain freedom from Prospero and his rule over the island. Ariel, dutiful to Prospero, follows all orders given by him and sincerely believes that Prospero will honor his promise of emancipation. Caliban, on the other hand, slights Prospero at every opportunity: upon entering the first act, Caliban greets Prospero by saying “Uhuru!”, the Swahili word for freedom.

A Tempest is a postcolonial revision of William Shakespeare’s The Tempest and draws heavily on the original play—the cast of characters is, for the most part, the same, and the foundation of the plot follows the same basic premise. Prospero has been exiled and lives on a secluded island, and he drums up a violent storm to drive his daughter’s ship ashore. The island, however, is somewhere in the Caribbean, Ariel is a mulatto slave rather than a sprite, and Caliban is a black slave. A Tempest focuses on the plight of Ariel and Caliban—the never-ending quest to gain freedom from Prospero and his rule over the island. Ariel, dutiful to Prospero, follows all orders given to him and sincerely believes that Prospero will honor his promise of emancipation. Caliban, on the other hand, slights Prospero at every opportunity: upon entering the first act, Caliban greets Prospero by saying “Uhuru!”, the Swahili word for “freedom.” Prospero complains that Caliban often speaks in his native language which Prospero has forbidden. This prompts Caliban to attempt to claim birthrights to the island, angering Prospero who threatens to whip Caliban. During their argument, Caliban tells Prospero that he no longer wants to be called Caliban, “Call me X. That would be best. Like a man without a name. Or, to be more precise, a man whose name has been stolen.” The allusion to Malcolm X cements the aura of cultural reclamation that serves as the foundational element of A Tempest. Cesaire has also included the character Eshu who in the play is cast as a black devil-god. Calling on the Yoruba mythological traditions of West Africa, Eshu assumes the archetypal role of the trickster and thwarts Prospero’s power and authority during assemblies. Near the end of the play, Prospero sends all the lieutenants off the island to procure a place in Naples for his daughter Miranda and her husband Ferdinand. When the fleet begs him to leave, Prospero refuses and claims that the island cannot stand without him; in the end, only he and Caliban remain. As Prospero continues to assert his hold on the island, Caliban’s freedom song can be heard in the background. Thus, Cesaire leaves his audience to consider the lasting effects of colonialism.

The Tempest

Written between 1610 and 1611, The Tempest is William Shakespeare’s final play. (OK. If you're nitpicky, it's the last play he wrote entirely by himself.) In it, Shakespeare portrays an aging magician who has been living in exile with his young daughter on a remote island for the past twelve years. Over the course of a single day, Prospero uses his magic to whip up a tempest to shipwreck the men responsible for his banishment. He then proceeds to dazzle and dismay the survivors (and the audience) with his art as he orchestrates his triumphant return home where he plans to retire in peace.

 The story draws heavily on the tradition of remote, and it was influenced by tragicomedy. Character of Prospero represent art through his magic, he is representation of Shakespeare. The play portrays Prospero as a rational and character of Sycorax, her magic is frequently described as destructive and terrible.

For a lot of audiences and literary scholars, Prospero seems like a stand-in in for Shakespeare, who spent a lifetime dazzling audiences before retiring in 1611, shortly after The Tempest was completed. Not only is the play chock-full of self conscious references to the workings of the theater, its epilogue seems to be a final and fond farewell to the stage. When Prospero (after giving up the art of magic he's spent a lifetime perfecting) appears alone before the audience he confesses, "Now my charms are all o'erthrown, / And what strength I have's mine own," we can't help but wonder of Shakespeare is speaking through this character here.

Regardless of whether or not our boy Shakespeare intended for us to understand the epilogue as a big adios to his own art, the play does seem to be a nice capstone to a brilliant career because The Tempest revisits some of the most important issues and themes to have emerged from Shakespeare's previous plays. Literary scholar Stephen Greenblatt, who calls the play an "echo-chamber of Shakespearean motifs," points out that The Tempestresonates "with issues that haunted Shakespeare's imagination throughout his career." Of course, you'll be wanting some examples, so be sure to check out “Allusion” and “Themes”.

How can we compare Shakespeare’s The Tempest with A Tempest?

 There is not much difference between Shakespeare’s The Tempest and Aime Cesaire’s   A Tempest. But ‘A Tempest’ presents colonial aspect and mentality of master-slave relationship. Here in the play Caliban and Ariel portrays as a different way. Prospero is also a good example of the role power plays in the story. Character of Stephano is another example of power in the play. Miranda plays very innocent role in the play and she is only one character who presents woman role in the island. 

Prospero asked question to Caliban.

Prospero: What would you be without me?

Caliban: Without you? I’d be the king, that’s what I’d be, the king of the Island. (Original text A Tempest, Page no. 12)

  So, in this question we can find that how Prospero overpower and make his self superior to Caliban. But Caliban also very talkative and give appropriate answers to the questions of Prospero and can’t bear him. Here, Aime Cesaire gives voice to Caliban, the subaltern identity of The Tempest. Caliban tells Prospero that “I am not interested in peace; I am interested in free will.” Here Caliban presented as free individualistic person and rebel.

Conclusion:

    In short, A Tempest presents colonial angle towards black identity or mulatto. The Tempest more focused on the shipwrecked, magic, revenge and happy marriage of Miranda and A Tempest more concentrate on attitude of Negro, status of their mind and relationship of master-slave. Idea of rebel, Idea of resistance shown by Aime Cesaire in the play through the character of Caliban. Caliban is a speaking subaltern and subjugated for himself, not killing Prospero. Colonialism gives the name to the person that’s why identity crisis happens in the play. Here we can give the example of Robinson Crusoe that how he gives name to the Friday and teaches all the things.

(prakruti) (velari) (Wikipedia)

Works Cited

prakruti, bhatt. Bhatt Prakruti's Assignments. 3 11 2018. 30 october 2013 <http://prakrutibhatt192013.blogspot.com/2013/10/comparison-of-shakespeares-tempest-and.html>.

velari, ranjan. Ranjan Velari's assignments. 3 11 2018. 17 october 2015 <http://ranjanvelari201416.blogspot.com/2015/10/comparison-of-shakespeares-tempest-and.html>.

Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 3 11 2018. 24 october 2018 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aim%C3%A9_C%C3%A9saire>.

  

assignment paper 10

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Scarlet letter as the story of sin, crime, and punishment

Name:- Nirali dungrani

Roll no: - 24

Enrolment no:- 2069108420180012

Paper: -10 American literature

Topic: - Scarlet letter as the story of sin, crime, and punishment

Submitted to: - Department of English MKB uni.

Introduction

About author

Nathaniel Hawthorne, (born July 4, 1804, Salem, Mass., U.S.—died May 19, 1864, Plymouth, N.H.), American novelist and short-story writer who was a master of the allegorical and symbolic tale. One of the greatest fiction writers in American literature, he is best known for The Scarlet Letter (1850) and The House of the Seven Gables.

About novel

The Scarlet Letter Introduction The Scarlet Letter is a classic tale of sin, punishment, and revenge. It was written in 1850 by the famous American author Nathaniel Hawthorne. It documents the lives of three tragic characters, each of whom suffer greatly because of his or her sins.

The novel is set in a 17th-century village in Puritan New England. The main character is Hester Prynne, a young woman who has borne a child out of wedlock. Hester believes herself a widow, but her husband, Roger Chilling worth, returns to New England very much alive and conceals his identity. He finds his wife forced to wear the scarlet letter A on her dress as punishment for her adultery. Chilling worth becomes obsessed with finding the identity of his wife’s former lover. When he learns that the father of Hester’s child is Arthur Dimmesdale, a saintly young minister who is the leader of those exhorting her to name the child’s father, Chilling worth proceeds to torment the guilt-stricken young man.

In the end Chillingworth is morally degraded by his monomaniacal pursuit of revenge; Dimmesdale is broken by his own sense of guilt, and he publicly confesses his adultery before dying in Hester’s arms. Only Hester can face the future bravely as she prepares to begin a new life with her daughter, Pearl, in Europe.

The Scarlet Letter as a Story of Crime and Punishment

The Scarlet Letter is essentially a story of crime, sin and punishment. It tells of the ignominy or humiliation of a woman who has broken scriptural and statutory law in a community dedicated to the maintenance of the authority of the law. The magistrates and ministers named are historical figures and the narrator acts the part of a historian, setting the account of her punishment in the context of the history of New England.

Richard Bellingham, for example, is an important figure in this story of Puritan justice, for he is said to be the chief magistrate when Hester Prynne is sentenced to wear her badge of shame.

In wearing the letter, Hester Prynne loses her individuality and becomes “the general symbol at which the preacher and moralist might point, and in which they might vivify and embody their images of woman’s frailty and sinful passion”. Hester is the “text of the discourse” whenever there is a minister present to read the letter. It is, however, later that “many people refused to interpret the scarlet A by its original signification. They said that it meant Able so strong was Hester Prynne, with a woman’s strength. The people who refuse to read the letter as the judges intended to do so because they respond to Hester as a woman rather than as  a type, as a sign, or as a text. In thus misreading the letter they are subverting the system of law based on the belief that the authority of the lawmaker is “of God”. The people of Boston do so spontaneously and unselfconsciously, for they act as the narrator tells us, from the heart. So, too does Arthur Dimmesdale when he allows the suppressed wildness in his nature to speak out and calls Hester his “better angel.”

But the strategy of subversion is employed by Hawthorne after Hester had been branded as a sinner according to the judgments of the Puritan patriarchies. To their mind, her guilt is total and unquestionable and that their morality is the absolute morality. Her sin is unredeemable according to the Puritan ethic. Hester has sinned against the seventh Commandment of God “Neither shall thou commit adultery” – and lost His favour for ever. She can be made to do penance by making her wear of her guilt. Hester’s punishment is double. Not only does she have to wear the embroidered letter on her bosom but Pearl’s presence also keeps reminding her of her sin. The Puritan society asserts its authority over the individual by forcing Hester to accept her punishment. She can, of course, avoid to escaping from the settlement. But, deep down a Puritan herself, Hester chooses to stay back. She however, tries to justify her stance by telling Dimmesdale in the forest, what we did had a consecration of its own. We felt it so: we said so to each other.

Hester is a social outcast in the community. Children follow her and shout at her. Strangers gaze at the scarlet letter on her bosom and make no secret of their contempt for her. Her numerous acts of charity as a Sister for Mercy do not secure her the society’s pardon. But Hester is not embittered by the experience.

The reverse is the case with Arthur Dimmesdale. He is Hester’s partner-in-sin and his punishment comes purely from within. He is all the time haunted by his sense of guilt. The fact of concealment serves only to intensify his misery. He undergoes various kind of penance, including vigils, fasts and self-flagellation. As he tells Hester in the forest, it is all penance and no penitence. He even mounts the scaffolds on the dark night of the vigil as an act of expiation. He ultimately manages to carry out the resolve after his  Election Day sermon and unburdens his heart to the crowd. Therein lies his deliverance.

But no such deliverance awaits Hester. She leaves the settlement with Pearl after the deaths of Dimmesdale and Chillingworth, but returns to her solitary cottage on the outskirts of the settlement after a few year of continue serving the people. She has, in fact, triumphed over the punishment meted out to her through her vocation (needle work) and her service to the people and also through her implicit acceptance of the punishment. Yet a space is kept between her grave and that of Dimmesdale after her death, signifying that society might have forgiven them, but their ultimate redemption lies in the hands of God. The Puritan ethic is perfectly carried out in The Scarlet Letter even though the narrative is marked by ambiguity at several points.

Dimmesdale is a greater sinner than Hester. First he goes against the purity of his profession; secondly he tries to conceal his crime from the public. He adds hypocrisy to his sin. His conscience allows him no rest; he gets constant trouble from his soul. As for him, the burden of his sin gives 

 Chillingworth is also the greatest sinner. He is made to represent Hawthorne’s ideas of the unpardonable sinner. Arthur Dimmesdale tells Hester about Chillingworth in the forest, 

            “May God forgive us both ! we are not, Hester the worst sinner in the world. There is one worse than ever the polluted priest ! that old man’s revenge has been blacken than my sin. He has been violeted in cold blood, the sanctity of a human heart. Thou and I, Hester never did so !"

CONCLUSION:-

                                Thus, from the deeds of all the characters in ‘The Scarlet Letter’, the novel can be seen as Crime committed by them, and the situations they are facing that is like their punishment. The Scarlet Letter is an exemplification of the theme of Crime and Punishment  It is mainly the story of Crime, say sexual crime , and the consequences arising therefrom. The act of adultery is certainly a crime against the individual, be that individual, the wronged wife or a husband  Similarly it is also a crime against society, for it involves that violation of a moral code formulated and honored by that society. Adultery has been branded as immoral in all civilized communities of the world. So we can say that the life Hester lived, Dimmesdale also face inner guilt all these shows it as the novel of Sin Crime and Punishment.

The Scarlet Letter is a tragic story of sin, crime and Punishment which can be learnt by the deeds of all the characters, the crime they committed and the situations they face. The act of adultery is certain a crime against the individual. Same way, it is also a crime against society as it involves the violation of the moral code formulated and honoured by the society. Hawthorne has given the concept of sin and evil which is a puritan heritage. Sin and crime was the constant theme in this novel and the consequences of guilt as primarily psychological in nature. Hester's loveliness is shown by a sense of guilt. The story shows the concept of sin, crime and Punishment through Hester's life and Dimmesdale's inner guilt.

(The Scarlet Letter Essay) (McDonald) (Dave) (The Scarlet Letter as a Story of Crime and Punishment) (avni)

Works Cited

2018. <https://www.bachelorandmaster.com/britishandamericanfiction/story-of-crime-and-punishment.html#.W91BtNIzbIW>.

avni, dave. Dave Avani's Assignments. 3 11 2018. 29 october 2013 <http://avanidave031213.blogspot.com/2013/10/the-scarlet-letter-as-story-of-sin.html>.

Dave, Urvi. Assignments. 3 11 2018. 29 october 2015 <http://urvidave2014-16.blogspot.com/2015/10/the-scarlet-letter-as-story-of-sin.html>.

McDonald, Dr. Ronan. The Scarlet Letter. <https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Scarlet-Letter-novel-by-Hawthorne>.

The Scarlet Letter as a Story of Crime and Punishment. 3 11 2018. <https://www.bachelorandmaster.com/britishandamericanfiction/story-of-crime-and-punishment.html#.W91BtNIzbIW>.

The Scarlet Letter Essay. <https://www.bartleby.com/essay/The-Scarlet-Letter-P3CLE6EYVJ>.