Derrida's Deconstruction

         

 It is not easy to define Deconstruction like philosophy or literary criticism for everyone,and for Derrida himself does not define it. Deconstruction is not a destructive activity, but it is an inquiry into the foundations of everything. But in very simple or in easy language we can say that Deconstruction means breaking of some main idea or any kind of thought. Breaking of the idea and creat that idea in a new way with good points.

         


            Deconstruction means some event or play or anything but in which some loose point is there and it's became the Deconstruction of it. In which we can't find any particular meanning., because one meanning gave anoyher one meanning .

          For example in the Purpose which is written by T P Kailasam who was took  this story from Mahabharata . In Mahabharata we can see that Eklavya charecter is a marginlised  and he has no power and we can see that how to Kailasm change in the Purpose this charecter  and he trys to shows that Eklavya was a very powerfull not subaltern but In this Mahabharata this charecter is subaltern .so we can say that there is decontrct this idea because of post structuralist critic views that is no 'a texual origin ' . 

Structuralism

Fristly we clear that what is structuralism?
     
      we can see that this theory was devloped in france between 1950 and 1960.it's began with the work FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE on linguistis.its is the name given to language as a system of reletionship.

There are many structralist critics like Ferdinand Sassure, Genette, Claude-levi-strauss, Roland Barthes in their work we find 1) order, 2)Frequency

3 Duration, 4) voice, 5) mood, in movies we find these five elements that help us to understand the basic structure of movie.

 every literary text has a Beginning, Middle ( Climax) and End.

Every work of art has own stucture and text.every structure particularly deals with the two thing love and death.both are interwovem with each other.we find the structure of love and death in Shakespeare "Othello."

Movie like P.K. RANGRASIA, OH MY GOD  has a same structure- anti religion or challenges this ideas.
 If we take structuralist approach then OMG IS better than PK. Structure of both is same.

For example T.V. serial  CID  helps us to understand NARRATOLOGY.  Structure is same for example murder occurs, detection and murderer found by detective. This structure is same in every episode since 20 or 21 years. But they make changes in presenting it.

Most of hindi movies  or literature are same. For example  boy+ girl love each other but family is against it or vice versa family ready to marriage but children do not like each other.We also find binary opposition every where. Good-evil, male-female, god- Satan, white-black.This and other many common things are found everywhere.

My Love is like to ice, and I to fire by Edmund spenser

My Love is like to ice, and I to fire:

How comes it then that this her cold so great

Is not dissolved through my so hot desire,

But harder grows the more I her entreat?

Or how comes it that my exceeding heat

Is not allayed by her heart-frozen cold,

But that I burn much more in boiling sweat,

And feel my flames augmented manifold?

What more miraculous thing may be told,

That fire, which all things melts, should harden ice,

And ice, which is congeal’d with senseless cold,

Should kindle fire by wonderful device?

Such is the power of love in gentle mind,

That it can alter all the course of kind. 

in this poem poet compares his love with he is like fire and his love is like ice ,that coldness of his love will melted him, with power of love.

Fire and Ice by Robert Frost 

Some say the world will end in fire,
Some say in ice.
From what I've tasted of desire
I hold with those who favor fire.
But if it had to perish twice,
I think I know enough of hate
To say that for destruction ice
Is also great
And would suffice.

In this poem the speaker brings us into the middle of an argument between people who think the world will come to a fiery end and people who think the world will freeze. He could be talking about the literal end of the world, but he's also talking about the power that human beings have to harm or "destroy" one another.This short poem outlines the familiar question about the fate of the world, wondering if it is more likely to be destroyed by fire or ice

In both poem sign use as compared with desire and hate , both have capacity of ending the world and dangerous for world .so we can say different meaning of same sign in both poem.

thank you.

Northrop Frye-Thinking Activity

1. What is Archetypal Criticism? What does the archetypal critic do?

Archetyple criticism is concerned  with the cycle and reiterating patterns of tradition,culture,patterns of action theme and images which are identity i the verity of works of literature as well as in myths,dreams and social rituals.
The term Archetypes signifies narrative designs, symbols, character, dreams, collective images, myths etc. are in literature. Simply we can say that archetypal it means represented things. For example Paradise Lost in which Apple is a symbol of knowledge. The Archetypal critics find out the symbols and archetypal images which recurrently happen in the literature.

2.What is Frye trying prove by giving an analogy of ' Physics to Nature' and 'Criticism to Literature'?

 as far as physics and nature concerned hence frye wants to make endover of differnce between physics and nature in addition to that an individual can't have the whole cocepts.through learning physics while on the other hand he also says that though criticism one cannot accept that he/she does progress all things about criticism. 

 3.Share your views of Criticism as an organised body of knowledge. Mention relation of literature with history and philosophy.

 Criticism is an organized body of knowledge which mentions relation with history and philosophy. Philosophy is for idea and history for events. History deals with the events of past and the action, while philosophy is deals with idea and the knowledge. With the help of history and philosophy the writer creates literature. Thus, literature is connecting with history and philosophy.

4.Briefly explain inductive method with illustration of Shakespeare's Hamlet's Grave Digger's scene.

 The inductive method of analysis structural criticism and analysis. The close first section, Fry contends that structural criticism will help a reader in understanding a text in his analysis, he proceeds inductively. That is form of particular truth. The jealousy, Othello, in the Shakespearean play. This called inductive method of analysis under structural criticism and Fry disuses this in detail in this section of the essay.

5.Briefly explain deductive method with reference to an analogy to Music, Painting, rhythm and pattern. Give exam.ples of the outcome of deductive method.

 Deductive method means ‘ definition to examples’. As the thinkable point that some arts move in time and others are in space, for example music related with time and painting with space. And music with rhythm and painting with pattern but we may also speak rhythm of painting and pattern of music. And literature seems to between music and painting. So we may call the rhythm of literature is narrative and pattern is the verbal structure. 

6.Refer to the Indian seasonal grid (below). If you can, please read small Gujarati or Hindi or English poem from the archetypal approach and apply Indian seasonal grid in the interpretation. 

                               Nana re, nana re, nana re, na na re
                               Nana re, nana re, nana re, na na re

                                         Barso re megha megha
                                         Barso re megha megha
                                         Barso re megha barso
                                         Barso re megha megha
                                         Barso re megha megha
                                         Barso re megha barso

                            Meetha hai kosa hai, barish ka bosa hai
                                Bosa hai, kosa hai, barish ka bosa hai
                           Meetha hai kosa hai, barish ka bosa hai
                                Bosa hai, kosa hai, barish ka bosa hai

                                       Jal jal jal jal jal jal thal jal thal
                          Chal chal chal chal chal chal chal bheta chal
                                     Nana re, nana re, nana re, na na re
                                     Nana re, nana re, nana re, na na re
                                     Nana re, nana re, nana re, na na re
                                     Nana re, nana re, nana re, na na re

                                                       Barso re..
                                                  Barso re megha
                                            Barso re megha megha
                                               Barso re megha barso..
                                                Gile gile gile haan..
                                              Haan haan haan haan..
                                                Haan haan haan haan..
                                                    Geeli geeli maati
                                    Geeli maati ke chal gharonde banyan

This song from Guru movie. In this song describes monsoon season. In this song we have see the water world. Water is the An archetype simbole of life, clean sing, rebirth and fertility.

I.A. Richards: Figurative Language

. Here I am analized this song accoding to Richards theory.

Kabhi aayine pe likha tujhe
Kabhi aansuon se mita diya
Kabhi khat samajh ke padha tujhe
Kabhi diary mein chupa diya
Kabhi aayine pe likha tujhe
Kabhi aansuon se mita diya
Kabhi khat samajh ke padha tujhe
Kabhi diary mein chupa diya Ek pal bhi tu mujhse hota nahi hai judaa
Aye Khuda, aye Khuda, aye Khuda, aye Khuda
Aye Khuda, aye Khuda, aye Khuda, aye Khuda
 

Teri tamanna aankhone mein leke,
Parchaiyon ka peecha kiya haan
Ter tamanna aankhone mein leke
Parchaiyon ka peecha kiya
Har ajnabi se tera pata main
Deewanon ki tarah poocha kiya
Har ajnabi se tera pata main
Deewanon ki tarah main poocha kiya
Tujh bin yun lagta hai , dil hain kahin gumshuda
Aye Khuda, aye Khuda, aye Khuda, aye Khuda                
Aye Khuda, aye Khuda, aye Khuda, aye Khuda                                                                                                                                    
This song is from the film "hate-story 2" and lyrics of this song is bit problematic from my perception with reference of I. A. Richards "figurative language". Here i am sharing my objection.                                   
 Kabhi aayine pe likha tujhe
Kabhi aansuon se mita diya
Kabhi khat samajh ke padha tujhe
Kabhi diary mein chupa diya Ek pal bhi tu mujhse hota nahi hai judaa
Above mentioned line are about expression of love but the language is bit inappropriate. Very first line where description about writing upon mirror but that is not possible scientifically. One can not write a person upon mirror that is not possible and "aansuon se mita diya" that is also not right our tears are not in that quantity that can remove anything if take that as water only then perhaps we can consider it. Then next two lines also quite impossible no one can read a person as letter and also can not hide any person in diary that is probably not possible.
Teri tamanna aankhone mein leke,
Parchaiyon ka peecha kiya haan
Ter tamanna aankhone mein leke
Parchaiyon ka peecha kiya
Har ajnabi se tera pata main
Deewanon ki tarah poocha kiya
Har ajnabi se tera pata main Deewanon ki tarah main poocha kiya
Tujh bin yun lagta hai , dil hain kahin gumshuda
 In next stanza again there is mere illusion no one can ever chase anyone's shadow. And in last line there is description about heart, heart is part of our body and if that is  lost one can not being alive.
"Imagination is the only weapon in the war against reality." this quote we can use in explain this lyric in literary sense. if we look at this lyric as practical one then that is not correct but if take as imaginative one then that is really beautiful.

T.S Eliot : Tradition and Individual talent

1) How would you like to explain Eliot's concept of tradition? Do you agree with it?

Yes I am agree  with his concept of tradition. He explain that the traditions has sense of traditional and he also view it with Modern. Tradition is a living monument. He also has actually means to a positive sense.
Eliot also speaking there is also a tension between somebody becomes traditional and somebody becomes modern. Modern means automatically good and tradisional means automatically not so good.

2) What do you understand by historical sense?

The historical sense involves a perception, not only  of the pastness of the past, but of its presence.

A historical sense is not just sense of history as a past but it is also an understanding of the present, the present is the unfolding of the past, As a writer one can must have the historical sense.

3) What is the relationship between "Tradition" and "Individual Talent" according to the poet T.S.Eliot?

 According to T.S.Eliot  Individual talent can't cut from tradition. They both connected with each other. Poet or writer must have knowledge of all the great writers of their tradition. It is also not inherited you must obtain it by grate labour.     


4) Explain. ''Some can absorb knowledge, the more tardy must sweat for it. Shakespeare acquired more essential  history from Plutarch than most men could from the whole British museum".

  This quote means, one who absorbs the knowledge becomes a great creative writer. Some may read a lot but are not able to create anything, while some just by using the power of their observation may become a great writer.


5) "Honest criticism and sensitive appreciation is directed not upon the poet but upon the poetry"

 In this line, he tried to explain that the honest criticism and the appreciation by any critic is of the work art and not of the writer. If we like any work of art it is the quality of that work we like not the poet's personality. E.g now a days people Criticise Tajmahal as a  creation of cruel ruler in other words, we can not judge it in terms of history or personality of maker, but we must see its art of creation.

6t) How would you like to explain Eliot's theory of depersonalization? You can explain with the help of chemical reaction in presence of catalyst agent, platinum.

Theory of depersonalisation by T.S.Eliot lights on the above structure. As we can say that during the process of writing poetry,poet's mind gets higher impact but as a conclusion it disappears.

7) Explain. "Poetry is not a turning loose of emotion, but an escape from from emotion; it is not the expression of personality, but an escape from personality"
 In this quote Eliot does not deny personality or emotion to the poet only, he must depersonalize his emotions there should be an extinction of his personality. This impersonality can be achieved  only when poet surrenders himself completely to the work that is to be done.

8) Write two points on which one can write critique on T.S.Eliot as a critic;

  A) "Tradition is a matter of much wider significance, it can't be inherited and if you want it you must obtain it by great labour".

 B) "Honest criticism and sensitive appreciation is directed not upon the poet but upon the poetry".

Mathew Arnold

(1) The concept of "Detachment" and :disinterestedness" is appropriate in this time. Mathew Arnold was very good poet and also good critic. Detachment is very required for critic to pass his judgment strongly and with loud voice. According to Arnold literature is 'criticism of life'. Detachment and disinterestedness is relevant because of Arnold put stress on impartiality to criticize any work of art.

(2) Mathew Arnold believe in Touchstone method, Art for life sake,and also Truth and Seriousness of matter . They all are irrelevant in our present time. In modern time it was new thinking because we have not compare two thing and judge any work. This all are not relevant because of every art and literature has their own rules and regulation.

Aristotle poetics

Aristotle poetics

1) I partially agree with Plato's objection to freedom of expression because on the name of freedom of expression a part of pseudo society doing unethical and anti social activities e.g. scene on bhagwan shiva in the movie of pseudo.

2) According to my  study  during B.A program I concluded that some play s of Shakespeare followed Aristotelian literary tradition.

3) modern plays hamaria is practically serious, ignorance support of view so Othello plays an important role in the plot many different veiws on the character of Othello tragedy . so did not follow Aristotelian literary tradition.

4) macbeth over ambitious nature becomes his hamatia while hamlet's . hmartia hesitation to kill his cruel uncle paves the way for the tragic events of play ultimately leads to his own downfall. this protagonist tragedies.

5) Aristotle greek plays man before his birth character is not Destiny and Plato's has value of litreture he feels are necessary in order to change poetry and literature about positive ,negative .so Plato's rules are different from classical tragedy.

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