Structuralism

Fristly we clear that what is structuralism?
     
      we can see that this theory was devloped in france between 1950 and 1960.it's began with the work FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE on linguistis.its is the name given to language as a system of reletionship.

There are many structralist critics like Ferdinand Sassure, Genette, Claude-levi-strauss, Roland Barthes in their work we find 1) order, 2)Frequency

3 Duration, 4) voice, 5) mood, in movies we find these five elements that help us to understand the basic structure of movie.

 every literary text has a Beginning, Middle ( Climax) and End.

Every work of art has own stucture and text.every structure particularly deals with the two thing love and death.both are interwovem with each other.we find the structure of love and death in Shakespeare "Othello."

Movie like P.K. RANGRASIA, OH MY GOD  has a same structure- anti religion or challenges this ideas.
 If we take structuralist approach then OMG IS better than PK. Structure of both is same.

For example T.V. serial  CID  helps us to understand NARRATOLOGY.  Structure is same for example murder occurs, detection and murderer found by detective. This structure is same in every episode since 20 or 21 years. But they make changes in presenting it.

Most of hindi movies  or literature are same. For example  boy+ girl love each other but family is against it or vice versa family ready to marriage but children do not like each other.We also find binary opposition every where. Good-evil, male-female, god- Satan, white-black.This and other many common things are found everywhere.

My Love is like to ice, and I to fire by Edmund spenser

My Love is like to ice, and I to fire:

How comes it then that this her cold so great

Is not dissolved through my so hot desire,

But harder grows the more I her entreat?

Or how comes it that my exceeding heat

Is not allayed by her heart-frozen cold,

But that I burn much more in boiling sweat,

And feel my flames augmented manifold?

What more miraculous thing may be told,

That fire, which all things melts, should harden ice,

And ice, which is congeal’d with senseless cold,

Should kindle fire by wonderful device?

Such is the power of love in gentle mind,

That it can alter all the course of kind. 

in this poem poet compares his love with he is like fire and his love is like ice ,that coldness of his love will melted him, with power of love.

Fire and Ice by Robert Frost 

Some say the world will end in fire,
Some say in ice.
From what I've tasted of desire
I hold with those who favor fire.
But if it had to perish twice,
I think I know enough of hate
To say that for destruction ice
Is also great
And would suffice.

In this poem the speaker brings us into the middle of an argument between people who think the world will come to a fiery end and people who think the world will freeze. He could be talking about the literal end of the world, but he's also talking about the power that human beings have to harm or "destroy" one another.This short poem outlines the familiar question about the fate of the world, wondering if it is more likely to be destroyed by fire or ice

In both poem sign use as compared with desire and hate , both have capacity of ending the world and dangerous for world .so we can say different meaning of same sign in both poem.

thank you.

Northrop Frye-Thinking Activity

1. What is Archetypal Criticism? What does the archetypal critic do?

Archetyple criticism is concerned  with the cycle and reiterating patterns of tradition,culture,patterns of action theme and images which are identity i the verity of works of literature as well as in myths,dreams and social rituals.
The term Archetypes signifies narrative designs, symbols, character, dreams, collective images, myths etc. are in literature. Simply we can say that archetypal it means represented things. For example Paradise Lost in which Apple is a symbol of knowledge. The Archetypal critics find out the symbols and archetypal images which recurrently happen in the literature.

2.What is Frye trying prove by giving an analogy of ' Physics to Nature' and 'Criticism to Literature'?

 as far as physics and nature concerned hence frye wants to make endover of differnce between physics and nature in addition to that an individual can't have the whole cocepts.through learning physics while on the other hand he also says that though criticism one cannot accept that he/she does progress all things about criticism. 

 3.Share your views of Criticism as an organised body of knowledge. Mention relation of literature with history and philosophy.

 Criticism is an organized body of knowledge which mentions relation with history and philosophy. Philosophy is for idea and history for events. History deals with the events of past and the action, while philosophy is deals with idea and the knowledge. With the help of history and philosophy the writer creates literature. Thus, literature is connecting with history and philosophy.

4.Briefly explain inductive method with illustration of Shakespeare's Hamlet's Grave Digger's scene.

 The inductive method of analysis structural criticism and analysis. The close first section, Fry contends that structural criticism will help a reader in understanding a text in his analysis, he proceeds inductively. That is form of particular truth. The jealousy, Othello, in the Shakespearean play. This called inductive method of analysis under structural criticism and Fry disuses this in detail in this section of the essay.

5.Briefly explain deductive method with reference to an analogy to Music, Painting, rhythm and pattern. Give exam.ples of the outcome of deductive method.

 Deductive method means ‘ definition to examples’. As the thinkable point that some arts move in time and others are in space, for example music related with time and painting with space. And music with rhythm and painting with pattern but we may also speak rhythm of painting and pattern of music. And literature seems to between music and painting. So we may call the rhythm of literature is narrative and pattern is the verbal structure. 

6.Refer to the Indian seasonal grid (below). If you can, please read small Gujarati or Hindi or English poem from the archetypal approach and apply Indian seasonal grid in the interpretation. 

                               Nana re, nana re, nana re, na na re
                               Nana re, nana re, nana re, na na re

                                         Barso re megha megha
                                         Barso re megha megha
                                         Barso re megha barso
                                         Barso re megha megha
                                         Barso re megha megha
                                         Barso re megha barso

                            Meetha hai kosa hai, barish ka bosa hai
                                Bosa hai, kosa hai, barish ka bosa hai
                           Meetha hai kosa hai, barish ka bosa hai
                                Bosa hai, kosa hai, barish ka bosa hai

                                       Jal jal jal jal jal jal thal jal thal
                          Chal chal chal chal chal chal chal bheta chal
                                     Nana re, nana re, nana re, na na re
                                     Nana re, nana re, nana re, na na re
                                     Nana re, nana re, nana re, na na re
                                     Nana re, nana re, nana re, na na re

                                                       Barso re..
                                                  Barso re megha
                                            Barso re megha megha
                                               Barso re megha barso..
                                                Gile gile gile haan..
                                              Haan haan haan haan..
                                                Haan haan haan haan..
                                                    Geeli geeli maati
                                    Geeli maati ke chal gharonde banyan

This song from Guru movie. In this song describes monsoon season. In this song we have see the water world. Water is the An archetype simbole of life, clean sing, rebirth and fertility.

I.A. Richards: Figurative Language

. Here I am analized this song accoding to Richards theory.

Kabhi aayine pe likha tujhe
Kabhi aansuon se mita diya
Kabhi khat samajh ke padha tujhe
Kabhi diary mein chupa diya
Kabhi aayine pe likha tujhe
Kabhi aansuon se mita diya
Kabhi khat samajh ke padha tujhe
Kabhi diary mein chupa diya Ek pal bhi tu mujhse hota nahi hai judaa
Aye Khuda, aye Khuda, aye Khuda, aye Khuda
Aye Khuda, aye Khuda, aye Khuda, aye Khuda
 

Teri tamanna aankhone mein leke,
Parchaiyon ka peecha kiya haan
Ter tamanna aankhone mein leke
Parchaiyon ka peecha kiya
Har ajnabi se tera pata main
Deewanon ki tarah poocha kiya
Har ajnabi se tera pata main
Deewanon ki tarah main poocha kiya
Tujh bin yun lagta hai , dil hain kahin gumshuda
Aye Khuda, aye Khuda, aye Khuda, aye Khuda                
Aye Khuda, aye Khuda, aye Khuda, aye Khuda                                                                                                                                    
This song is from the film "hate-story 2" and lyrics of this song is bit problematic from my perception with reference of I. A. Richards "figurative language". Here i am sharing my objection.                                   
 Kabhi aayine pe likha tujhe
Kabhi aansuon se mita diya
Kabhi khat samajh ke padha tujhe
Kabhi diary mein chupa diya Ek pal bhi tu mujhse hota nahi hai judaa
Above mentioned line are about expression of love but the language is bit inappropriate. Very first line where description about writing upon mirror but that is not possible scientifically. One can not write a person upon mirror that is not possible and "aansuon se mita diya" that is also not right our tears are not in that quantity that can remove anything if take that as water only then perhaps we can consider it. Then next two lines also quite impossible no one can read a person as letter and also can not hide any person in diary that is probably not possible.
Teri tamanna aankhone mein leke,
Parchaiyon ka peecha kiya haan
Ter tamanna aankhone mein leke
Parchaiyon ka peecha kiya
Har ajnabi se tera pata main
Deewanon ki tarah poocha kiya
Har ajnabi se tera pata main Deewanon ki tarah main poocha kiya
Tujh bin yun lagta hai , dil hain kahin gumshuda
 In next stanza again there is mere illusion no one can ever chase anyone's shadow. And in last line there is description about heart, heart is part of our body and if that is  lost one can not being alive.
"Imagination is the only weapon in the war against reality." this quote we can use in explain this lyric in literary sense. if we look at this lyric as practical one then that is not correct but if take as imaginative one then that is really beautiful.